Area and Perimeter

In NCERT textbooks, the concepts of area and perimeter are introduced as fundamental measurements of two-dimensional shapes. Perimeter is typically defined as the total length of the boundary of a closed figure. Students learn to calculate the perimeter of various shapes like squares, rectangles, and triangles by summing the lengths of their sides.

Area, on the other hand, is explained as the measure of the surface enclosed by a closed figure. NCERT progressively introduces methods for calculating the area of squares and rectangles by counting unit squares or using the formulas length × breadth and side × side respectively.